UPDATED [2024] Pass CWNP CWAP-404 Exam in First Attempt Guaranteed
Pass CWAP-404 Exam Latest Practice Questions
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which one of the these is the most important in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed?
- A. Obtain detailed -knowledge of the wireless vendors debug and logging options
- B. Talk to the end users about their experiences
- C. Interview the network manager about the issues being experienced
- D. Observe the problem
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Observing the problem is the most important step in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed. This step involves capturing and analyzing the relevant data from the wireless network, such as packets, frames, spectrum, and performance metrics. Observing the problem helps to verify the existence and scope of the issue, identify the root cause and possible solutions, and validate the results of any actions taken. The other steps are also important, but they are not as critical as observing the problem12 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 15
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 1.2: Observe the problem
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which one of the following is not an 802.11 Management frame?
- A. Authentication
- B. Action
- C. PS-Poll
- D. Beacon
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is not an 802.11 management frame. A PS-Poll frame is a type of control frame that is used by a STA in power save mode to request data frames from an AP. A STA in power save mode can conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP, indicating its association ID and requesting any buffered data frames. The AP thenresponds with one or more data frames, followed by an ACK or BA frame from the STA.
The other options are not correct, as they are types of 802.11 management frames. An Action frame is used to perform various management actions, such as spectrum management, QoS management, radio measurement, etc. A Beacon frame is used to advertise the presence and capabilities of an AP or BSS. An Authentication frame is used to establish or terminate an authentication relationship between a STA and an AP. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 6: 802.11 Frame Exchanges, page 169-170
NEW QUESTION # 30
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. In the MBR Action frame
- B. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- C. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
- D. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates andExtended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 31
ABC International has installed a new smart ZigBee controlled lighting system. However, the network team is concerned that this new system will interfere with the existing WLAN and has asked you to investigate the impact of the two systems operating simultaneously in the 2.4 GHz band. When performing Spectrum Analysis, which question could you answer by looking at the FFT plot?
- A. Is the ZigBee system using more than 50% of the available airtime?
- B. Is the ZigBee system causing an increase in WLAN retries?
- C. Is the WLAN corrupting ZigBee system messages?
- D. Do the ZigBee channels used by the lighting system overlap with the WLAN channels?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The FFT plot is a spectrum analysis plot that shows the RF power present at a particular frequency over a short period of time. It can help identify the sources and characteristics of RF signals in the spectrum. By looking at the FFT plot, you can determine which ZigBee channels are used by the lighting system and whether they overlap with the WLAN channels in the 2.4 GHz band. ZigBee channels are 5 MHz wide and WLAN channels are 20 MHz or 40 MHz wide, so there is a possibility of overlap and interference between them. The other questions cannot be answered by looking at the FFT plot alone, as they require other types of plots or analysis tools, such as duty cycle plot, airtime utilization plot, or protocol analyzer. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 69-70
NEW QUESTION # 32
How many frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead. Authentication is a process that establishes an identity relationship between a STA (station) and an AP (access point) before joining a BSS (Basic Service Set). There are two types of authentication methods defined by 802.11: Open System Authentication and Shared Key Authentication. Open System Authentication does not require any credentials or security information from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of two frames: an Authentication Request frame sent by the STA to the AP, and an Authentication Response frame sent by the AP to the STA. Shared Key Authentication requires a shared secret key from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of four frames: two challenge-response frames in addition to the request-response frames. However, Shared Key Authentication uses WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) as its encryption algorithm, which is insecure and deprecated. In the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, Shared Key Authentication is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. WPA3-Personal uses a passphrase to derive a PMK (Pairwise Master Key), while WPA3-Enterprise uses an authentication server to obtain a PMK. Both methods use SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) as their authentication protocol, which replaces PSK (Pre-Shared Key) or EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). SAE consists of two frames: an SAE Commit frame sent by both parties to exchange elliptic curve parameters and nonces, and an SAE Confirm frame sent by both parties to verify each other's identities and generate a PMK. Therefore, when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead in the 6 GHz band, only two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication:
an SAECommit frame and an SAE Confirm frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 33
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network. When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. WLAN scanner
- B. Python
- C. Spectrum analyzer
- D. Capture visualization tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file345 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 63
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.5: Use capture visualization tools
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 117 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 4.1: Use spectrum analysis tools CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 33 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 34
In what scenario is Open Authentication without encryption not allowed based on the 802.11 standard?
- A. When operating a BS5 in the CBRS band
- B. When operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band
- C. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode
- D. When operating a BSS in a government facility
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed when operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band, according to the 802.11 standard. Open Authentication is a type of authentication method that does not require any credentials or security information from a STA (station) to join a BSS (Basic Service Set). Open Authentication can be used with or without encryption, depending on the configuration of the BSS and the STA. Encryption is a technique that scrambles the data frames using an algorithm and a key to prevent unauthorized access or eavesdropping. However, in the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, OpenAuthentication without encryption is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe scenarios where Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed by the 802.11 standard. When operating a BSS in the CBRS band, which is another newly available frequency band for WLANs, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not recommended, as it also poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode, which is a mode that complies with the Federal Information Processing Standards for cryptographic security, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not compliant, as it does not meet the FIPS requirements for encryption algorithms and keys. When operating a BSS in a government facility, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not advisable, as it may violate the government policies or regulations for wireless security. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which piece of information is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header?
- A. Number of Spatial Streams
- B. PPDU length
- C. Channel number
- D. MCS index
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT-SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 108-109
NEW QUESTION # 36
When would you expect to see a Reassociation Request frame'
- A. Every time a STA roams
- B. Only when a STA is using FT roaming
- C. Only when a STA roams back to an AP it has previously been associated with
- D. Every time a STA associates to an AP to which it has previously been associated
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A Reassociation Request frame is sent every time a STA roams from one AP to another within the same ESS.
A Reassociation Request frame is similar to an Association Request frame, but it also contains the BSSID of the current AP that the STA is leaving. This allows the new AP to coordinate with the old AP and transfer the STA's context information, such as security keys, QoS parameters, and buffered frames. This way, the STA can maintain its connectivity and session continuity during roaming . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 195;CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 196.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What is the function of the PHY Preamble?
- A. To set the modulation method for the MPDU
- B. To terminate a conversation between transmitter and receiver
- C. Allows the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal
- D. Carries the NDP used in Transmit Beamforming and MU-MIMO
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY preamble is to allow the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to adjust its parameters, such as frequency, timing, and gain, to match the incoming signal. The PHY preamble also helps the receiver to estimate the channel conditions and noise level. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4:
802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 38
You are analyzing a packet decode of a Probe Request and notice the SSID element has a length of zero. What do you conclude about the transmitting STA?
- A. The WLAN adaptor is configured in promiscuous mode
- B. The STA's WLAN adaptor is disabled
- C. The STA is operating in Ad-Hoc mode
- D. The STA is discovering a list of available BSSs
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The STA is discovering a list of available BSSs by sending a Probe Request with an empty SSID element.
This is also known as a broadcast Probe Request, as it does not specify any particular SSID to probe for. Any AP that receives this Probe Request will respond with a Probe Response containing its own SSID and other information about its BSS. This way, the STA can learn about all the BSSs in its vicinity and choose which one to associate with . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 191; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 193.
NEW QUESTION # 39
What does the value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicate?
- A. How often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames
- B. How long a STA performing active scanning will listen for Probe Responses before changing channels
- C. How often a STA will go off channel to look for other BSSs
- D. How long a STA waits for an Ack before retransmitting the frame
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. The Listen Interval is expressed in units of Beacon Intervals (typically 100 TU or 102.4 ms). For example, if the Listen Interval is set to 10, it means that the STA will wake up every 10 Beacon Intervals (or about 1 second) to check for buffered frames at the AP. The Listen Interval is used by the AP to determine how long it can hold frames for a STA in power save mode before discarding them . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 197; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 198.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
- B. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- C. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
- D. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 41
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
- A. MPDU
- B. MSDU
- C. PPDU
- D. PSDU
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 42
You're the WLAN administrator for a large retailer based at the HQ in New York. The London-based office has been complaining about WLAN disconnections around lunch time each day. You suspect this might be interference from the staff microwave, how might you test your theory from the New York office?
- A. Place one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode and monitor the situation over lunch time
- B. Ask a local member of staff to take some pictures of the microwave, including some close-ups of the door seal so that you can assess it
- C. Ask a local member of staff to change the frequency of the microwave and see if the disconnections stop
- D. Access the microwave remotely and run a diagnostic check
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The best way to test the theory of microwave interference from the New York office is to use a remote spectrum analyzer. By placing one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode, you can capture and analyze the RF spectrum in the London office over lunch time. You can then look for any signs of microwave interference, such as high duty cycle, high amplitude, or frequency hopping on the 2.4 GHz band. This method does not require any physical access tothe microwave or any changes to its frequency. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 64
NEW QUESTION # 43
Given a protocol analyzer can decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets providing the PSK and SSID are configured in the analyzer software. When performing packet capture (in a non-FT environment) which frames are required in order for PSK frame decryption to be possible?
- A. 4-Way Handshake
- B. Authentication
- C. Reassociation
- D. Probe Response
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The 4-way handshake is the process that establishes the pairwise transient key (PTK) between the client and the AP in WPA2-PSK. The PTK is derived from the PSK, the SSID, and some random numbers exchanged in the handshake frames. The PTK is used to encrypt and decrypt the data frames between the client and the AP. Therefore, in order to decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets, a protocol analyzer needs to capture the 4-way handshake frames and have the PSK and SSID configured in the analyzer software12 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 87 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 3.5: Analyze security exchanges
NEW QUESTION # 44
When performing protocol analysis, you capture an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, transmitted at MCS 8.
At what data rate was the PHY Preamble transmitted?
- A. 6 Mbps
- B. 54 Mbps
- C. 78 Mbps
- D. 86.7 Mbps
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The data rate at which the PHY preamble was transmitted is 6 Mbps. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is always transmitted at a fixed data rate that depends on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). For an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, which uses VHT PPDUs, the data rate for the PHY preamble is 6 Mbps. This data rate does not depend on MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), which only affects the data rate for the PSDU. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 45
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